KUMPULAN MAKALAH

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Physical Installation

It is highly recommended you read the Fedora Core 6 Release Notes and official Installation Guide before installing Fedora.
Obtain the Fedora Core 6 cd images or DVD image from a Fedora mirror (or use the torrent) and burn to CD’s or DVD. (For more information on how to download Fedora Core CD’s or DVD).
Boot from the first disc.
Warning: Installer problem. Please read Common Problems before installing. If you have an i686 system (most new computers), then enter:
linux i686
when booting the first disc. This is required if upgrading an existing Fedora installation.
I did a Custom Install of Fedora Core 6.

• Partitioning
  • If you have an empty harddrive or wish to delete the entire contents of your drive, then let the installer automatically partition or remove everything and partition.
  • If you wish to dual-boot or save some contents on your drive, then select custom partitioning. I recommend at least 3 partitions: a 10GB / main partition, a 10GB /home partition and a 1GB partition. The main partition is where your applications will be installed. The /home partition will hold all your personal data (larger is better). The should be at least as large as your physical memory (if you wish to support things like ACPI hibernate).
• Boot Loader
  • If you have a blank harddrive or wish Fedora to be your Primary Operating System, then leave the default options here. This also works for dual booting with other systems (ex: Windows).
  • If wish to preserve Windows as your primary operating system, then install Grub on the / partition, NOT the MBR. To do this, select Configure Advanced Boot Loader Options and install to First sector of boot partition. I use Bootpart from Windows 2000 to load Linux. An alternative to Bootpart is the NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO (also Grub Win2K Howto). I recommend this so you do not corrupt your Windows installation in a Dual-Boot environment. [NOTE] There is an example configuration available. This takes more work, the default option on the MBR will also work.
• Network Setup
  Linux is designed as a networking operating. If you have any high speed connection…
!–>
• General Package Selection
  The primary options for installation are the following. You can select these and skip individual package selection (next step) if you plan to install most of your software. It is recommended you at least pick certain applications.
  • Office and Productivity – [Highly Recommended]
  • Software Development – [Highly Recommended / Required]
  • Web Server – [Optional (useful for web developers)]
  Fedora Extras – [NOT Recommended at Install time]. If you select Fedora Extras, this will give access to MANY more applications than included on the CD’s or DVD. However this requires a high-speed internet access that is detected by the Fedora Installer. This will also significantly increase the installation time.
  If you select Customize now you will be taken to the Individual Package Selection.
• Individual Package Selection – apx 3.7-4.1GB. – This step should NOT be skipped to make sure you grab a some specific important packages. You are free to select whatever you want. The following in my experience are common useful suggestions:
  Warning: When using the Fedora Core Add/Remove Software application you will require a valid internet connection – preferrably high speed. It is recommended that you carefully select everything that you need during this installation step. Note: There is a hidden option to select multiple packages. You can Right-Click over a major section (ex: KDE) and Select or Deselect all optional components.
  
  • Desktop Environments
    • [Highly Recommended] – Select both GNOME Desktop Environment and KDE (K Desktop Environment)
  • Applications
    • Graphical Internet – [Optional] – Add gftp, kdewebdev, thunderbird.
    • Sound and Video
      [Highly Recommended] – Add k3b (for CD/DVD creation), mikmod (needed for xmms).
      [Optional] – Remove totem-mozplugin (causes problems later).
  • Development
    • [Required] – Development Libraries and Development Tools.
    • [Recommended] – Select both GNOME Software Development and KDE Software Development.
    • [Highly Recommended] – Add Legacy Software Development.
    • [Optional] – Java and Eclipse are not necessary unless you are a (java) developer. This is NOT the same as Sun’s Java software.
  • Servers
    • [Highly Recommended] – Add Server Configuration Tools.
    • [Required] – Add Windows File Server (required to share files with Windows computers).
  • Base System
    • [Optional] – Remove Java if you wish, you will still have to install Sun Java software later.
    • [Required] – Add Legacy Software Support.
    • [Recommended] – Add System Tools.
    • [NOT Recommended] – Do NOT select Virtualization. If you do require Xen virtualization. Install it after FC6 is complete.
    • X Windows System – [Recommended] – Add switchdesk.

Install the selected packages and reboot.
For users who opted to install grub on the first sector of the / partition instead of the MBR, you will be required to setup NTLDR to boot Linux.
For the first boot:
Display Settings — Display settings are automatically detected and set. The resolution and scan rate may be significantly different than your typical settings. Just follow through the first boot process and set the proper resolution once you login.

• Firewall – It is recommended you learn to use your firewall regardless of your internet connection or if you have a hardware router/firewall (D-Link, Netgear, etc.).
• Security Enhanced Linux Setting – SELinux is significantly improved since FC5 and interferes less with plugins and application, even so SELinux will require extra settings and configuration to get certain applications to work properly. SELinux will always provide greater security but will also add nuisances. (It is easier to disable SELinux now and enable it later, than the opposite.) However, I recommend people try SELinux first. I have SELinux = Enforcing without many problems.
• Date and Time – Network Time Protocol – Enable this ONLY if you have an active working internet connection that is on (ex: broadband, T1, DSL). Do not enable NTP Broadcast unless you have other linux machines on your network.
• System User – Create 1 user account for yourself. Always use that account DO NOT use root as your personal account. This is a cause of many mistakes, and root was never intended for personal use.

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17 January 2007

Fedora Core 6 shipped with several bugs and problems. Most of the reported issues can be found on the following page: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/FC6Common.
If you have NOT yet installed FC6, then you can prevent this mistake at installation. When the booting the CD (or DVD) enter the following at the boot prompt:

linux i686

If you upgraded from FC5 and find you have the wrong kernel installed follow these steps:

Download the proper kernel from: http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/6/i386/os/Fedora/RPMS/

Install it: (enter root password when prompted)

# su -c "rpm -Uvh --replacefiles --replacepkgs kernel-2.6.18-1.2798.fc6.i686.rpm"

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26 October 2006 Fedora Core, like all other Linux distributions, has a root user and has individual users. The root is the “superuser”, somewhat similar to “Administrator” in Windows.
Use your personal account for daily use root only for adminstration/configuration. To run as ‘root’ use su or sudo. However sudo requires setup. As root run:

echo 'loginname ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers

Where 'loginname' is your user account.
Use 'ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' if you don't want to be prompted a password.
If you are prompted for a password with 'sudo' it is the user password, not root.

Example:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ su
Password:    <--- Enter root password

[root@charon mirandam]# chmod +w /etc/sudoers
[root@charon mirandam]# echo 'mirandam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' >> /etc/sudoers
[root@charon mirandam]# chmod -w /etc/sudoers
[root@charon mirandam]# exit
exit

NOTE: Some users mentioned they require permissions change (chmod) because /etc/sudoers was read-only. However, I was able to run the above command with the file read-only.
The following is an example of how sudo lets you execute root commands:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ du -sh /root
du: `/root': Permission denied  <--- Fails!!!

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo du -sh /root
163M    /root                   <--- Works!!!

NOTE: Every command provided on this page will work if you remove sudo from the command. However this requires you must be logged in as ‘root’.
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17 January 2007 http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/en/
Fedora Core uses yum to install and update its software. When connected to the internet it will automatically determine application dependancies.
Fedora Repositories
Fedora has 3 repositories enabled by default: core (the same packages that come on CD’s/DVD), updates (updated packages, newer than core) and extras (countless other applications not included on CD’s/DVD).
These repositories ‘sign’ their RPM file’s to make sure they are valid when downloaded. Import the GPG keys to these repositories:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/*

Third Party Repositories
For applications that are against Fedora policies (MP3, DVD, MPEG, NTFS, etc). A third party repository should be used. For the purpose of this guide, (most) all needs are met by the Livna repository. (Note: the Livna repository is NOT compatible with the Freshrpms repository.)

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-6.rpm

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY

NOTE: Installation Prompt
After yum downloads the application or update requested it will prompt to install. This is good for learners or to keep track of what is happening. Applications can possibly be UN-installed in a update as well. If you wish yum to automatically install downloads and make changes, run yum with the -y (answer “yes”) option.

# sudo yum -y install application_name

NOTE: Full System Updates
If you run the following, EVERY SINGLE RPM that has an available update through ANY repository will be updated.

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum update

Generally speaking this is highly recommended the FIRST time you install Fedora (if you have high speed internet). After that, full system updates are probably less necessary. Keep in mind that updates, may update all their dependancies, which can lead to long download times. Often a new update may break something that already worked. Please understand what you are doing before running continuous updates.
NOTE: If YUM does not run after first install.
You may see the following error:

Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running. Aborting.

This is because the background YUM updater service is running. To stop it, run:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop

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24 October 2006

Fedora recommends users install a 3rd-party RPM packaged driver instead of using the installer from Nvidia’s website. Currently Livna provides a well packaged driver.
NOTE: For users who upgraded from FC5 please read the known bugs and problems.
For yum only:
First, setup Livna Repository

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-6.rpm

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY

Install the nvidia driver through Livna:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install kmod-nvidia

If you see the following message, then please read the note below:

Error:  Editing failed, restoring backup

If a kernel update is installed at the same time, then a reboot will be required. If not, then simply log out completely of Gnome or KDE and the Nvidia driver should load. The Nvidia logo will flash quickly once.
For users without yum
Download the GPG Key and run:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm --import RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY

Navigate to http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/6/ and select your architecture: i386, x86_64 or ppc. You will need 2 components: xorg driver and nvidia kernel module.
For xorg driver, select the one matching the latest Nvidia driver (1.0.8776). For example:
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-1.0.8776-2.lvn6.i386.rpm.
For nvidia kernel driver you MUST MATCH YOUR KERNEL. Use the uname command for the proper match. For example:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ uname -rm
2.6.18-1.2798.fc6 i686

Selected: kmod-nvidia-1.0.8776-1.2.6.18_1.2798.fc6.i686.rpm
Install both files at the same time:

[mirandam@charon downloads]$ sudo rpm -ivh kmod-nvidia-1.0.8776-1.2.6.18_1.2798.fc6.i686.rpm \
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-1.0.8776-2.lvn6.i386.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:kmod-nvidia            ########################################### [ 50%]
   2:xorg-x11-drv-nvidia    ########################################### [100%]

Error:  Editing failed, restoring backup    ----- see NOTE below

If you had a previous version of these files before, remove them first with rpm -e.
If you cannot find a perfect match you may will have to update to a kernel that matches from FC6 Updates.
Potential Problems
If after installing you see the following error:
Error: Editing failed, restoring backup
then edit the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Add the following lines to the END of the file:

Section "Files"
        ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/nvidia,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
EndSection

Section "Module"
EndSection

NOTE: 64-bit users: please use the following line instead:

ModulePath "/usr/lib64/xorg/modules/extensions/nvidia,/usr/lib64/xorg/modules"

Re-enable the nvidia driver:

[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/nvidia-config-display enable

Once done, logging out of KDE/Gnome and logging back in should initialize the driver. If not, try rebooting.
More information regarding this problem, can be found on the Livna wiki: http://rpm.livna.org/rlowiki/Packages/xorg-x11-drv-nvidia.
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